Reviews and Meta-Analysis

Cost Effectiveness

Pharmaceutical Representatives

JAMA's User's Guide to the Medical Literature from the folks at McMaster

Antman EM, Lau J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC. A comparison of the results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendation of clinical experts: treatments for myocardial infarction. JAMA 1992;268:240-8.

Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, et al. Improving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials: The CONSORT Statement. JAMA 1996; 276:637-639.

Bero L, Rennie D. The Cochrane Collaboration: Preparing, Maintaining, and Disseminating Systematic Reviews of the Effects of Health Care. JAMA 1995; 274:1935-1938.

Borzak S, Ridker PM. Discordance between Meta-analyses and Large-Scale Randomized, Controlled Trials: examples from the management of myocardial infarction. Annals of Intern Med; 123:873-877.

Cappelleri JC, Ioannidis JPA, Schmid CH, et al. Large Trials vs Meta-analysis of Smaller Trials. JAMA; 276:1332-1338.

Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, McGeer AJ, L'Abbe' KA. Incorporation variation in the quality of individual randomized trials into meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:255-65. Goodman SN. Have You Ever Meta-Analysis You Didn't Like? Annals of Intern Med; 114:244-246.

Guyatt G, Cairns J, Churchhill D, et al. Evidence-Based Medicine: A New Approach to Teaching the Practice of Medicine. JAMA 1992; 268:2420-2425.

Labb KA, Detsky AS, Orourke K. Meta-Analysis in Clinical Research. Annals of Intern Med 1987; 107:224-233.

Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1728-1733.

Oxman AD, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH. How to Use an Overview. JAMA 1994; 272:1367-1371.

Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. A Consumers Guide to Subgroup Analyses. Annals of Intern Med;116:78-84.

Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. Validation of an index of the quality of review articles. J Clin Epidemiol 1991;44:1271-8.

Sacks HS, Berrier J, Reitman D, et al. Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:450-455.

Wiffen PJ, Moore RA. Demonstrating effectiveness - the concept of numbers needed to treat. J Clin Pharm Ther 1996;21:23-7

Udvarhelyi IS, Colditz GA, Rai A, et al. Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analyses in the Medical Literature. Annals of Intern Med 1995; 116:238-244.

Brotzman GL, Mark DH. Policies Regulating the Activities of Pharmaceutical Representatives in Residency Programs. J of Family Prac 1992; 34:54-57.

Caudill TS, Johnson MS, Rich EC, et al. Physicians, Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives, and the Cost of Prescribing. Arch Fam Med 1996; 5:201-206.

Chren MM, Landefield CS. Physicians Behavior and Their Interactions With Drug Companies. JAMA 1994; 271: 684-689.

Ferguson RP. Training the Resident to Meet the Detail Man. JAMA 1989; 261:992-993.

Goldfinger SE. Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry. Annals of Internal Medicine 1990; 112: 624-626.

Hodges B. Interactions With the Pharmaceutical Industry: Experiences and Attitudes of Psychiatry Residents, Interns and Clerks. Can Med Assoc J 1995; 153:553-559.

Keim SM, Sanders AB, Witzke DB, et al. Beliefs and Practices of Emergency Medicine Faculty and Residents Regarding Professional Interactions Wtih the Biomedical Industry. Annals of Emergency Med 1993; 22: 1575-1581.

Lexchin J. Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: What does the literature say? Can Med Assoc J 1993; 149: 1401-1407.

Lichstein PR, Turner RC, OBrien K. Impact of Pharmaceutical Company Representatives on Internal Medicine Residency Programs. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 1009-1013.

McKinney WP, Schiedermayer DL, Lurie N, et al. Attitudes of Internal Medicine Faculty and Residents Toward Professional Interaction With Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives. JAMA 1990; 264:1693-1697.

Orlowski JP, Wateska L. The Effects of Pharmaceutical Firm Enticements on Physician Prescribing Patterns. Chest 1992; 102: 270-273.

Reeder M, Dougherty J, White LJ. Pharmaceutical Representatives and Emergency Medicine Residents: A National Survey. Annals of Emergency Med 1993; 22: 1593-1596.

Shaughnessy AF, Slawson DC, Bennett JH. Teaching information mastery: evaluating information provided by pharmaceutical representatives. Fam Med 1995;27:581-5.

Shaughnessy AF, Slawson DC, Bennett JH. Separating the wheat from the chaff: identifying fallacies in pharmaceutical promotion. J Gen Intern Med 1994;9:563-8.

Springarn RW, Berlin JA, Strom BL. When Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Employees Present Grand Rounds, What Do Residents Remember? Academic Med 1996; 71: 86-88.

Stryer D, Bero LA. Characteristics of Materials Distributed by Drug Companies. J Gen Intern Med 1996; 11:575-583.

Vinson DC, McCandless B, Hosokawa MC. Medical students' attitudes toward pharmaceutical marketing: possibilities for change. Fam Med 1993;25:31-33

Woollard RF. Addressing the pharmaceutical industry's influence on professional behaviour. Can Med Assoc J 1993; 149:403-408.

Ziegler MG, Lew P, Singer BC. The Accuracy of Drug Information From Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives. JAMA 1995; 273:1296-1298.

Oxman AD, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Get Started. JAMA 1993; 270: 2093-2095.

Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About Therapy or Prevention; Are the Results of the Study Valid. JAMA 1993; 270: 2598-2601.

Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About Therapy or Prevention; What Were the Results and Will They Help Me in Caring for My Patients. JAMA 1994; 271: 59-63.

Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Sinclair JC, et al. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: A Method for Grading Health Care Recommendations. JAMA 1995; 274: 1800-1804.

Hayward RSA, Wilson MC, Tunis SR, et al. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use Clinical Practice Guidelines: Are the Recommendations Valid. JAMA 1995; 274: 570-574.

Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Sackett DL. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About a Diagnostic Test; Are the Results of the Study Valid. JAMA 1994; 271: 389-391.

Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Sackett DL. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About a Diagnostic Test; What Are the Results and Will They Help Me in Caring for My Patients. JAMA 1994; 271: 703-707.

Laupacis A, Wells G, Richardson WS, et al. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About Prognosis. JAMA 1994; 272: 234-237.

Levine M, Walter S, Lee H, et al. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About Harm. JAMA 1994; 271: 1615-1619.

Naylor CD, Guyatt GH. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article Reporting Variations in the Outcomes of Health Services. JAMA 1996; 275: 554-558.

Naylor CD, Guyatt GH. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Article About a Clinical Utilization Review. JAMA 1996; 275: 1435-1439.

Oxman AD, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use an Overview. JAMA 1994; 272: 1367-1371.

Richardson WS, Detsky AS. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use a Clinical Decision Analysis; Are the Results of the Study Valid. JAMA 1995; 273: 1292-1295.

Richardson WS, Detsky AS. User's Guide to the Medical Literature: How to Use a Clinical Decisio Analysis; What Are the Results and Will They Help Me in Caring for My Patients. JAMA 1995; 273: 1610-1613.